Tafsir Ibn Kathir -> Surah At-Taubah -> Publicizing the Disavowal of the Idolators

Allah said,

﴿ط¨ظژط±ظژط¢ط،ظژط©ظŒ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ظˆظژط±ظژط³ظڈظˆظ„ظگظ‡ظگ﴾

(Freedom from obligations from Allah and His Messenger ()), is a declaration of freedom from all obligations from Allah and His Messenger ,

﴿ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط¹ظژط§ظ‡ظژط¯ظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظڈط´ظ’ط±ظگظƒظگظٹظ†ظژظپظژط³ظگظٹط­ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظپظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط±ظ’ط¶ظگ ط£ظژط±ظ’ط¨ظژط¹ظژط©ظژ ط£ظژط´ظ’ظ‡ظڈط±ظچ﴾

(to those of the Mushrikin, with whom you made a treaty. So travel freely (Mushrikin) for four months (as you will) throughout the land) ﴿9:1-2﴾. This Ayah refers to idolators who had indefinite treaties and those, whose treaties with Muslims ended in less than four months. The terms of these treaties were restricted to four months only. As for those whose term of peace ended at a specific date later (than the four months), then their treaties would end when their terms ended, no matter how long afterwards, for Allah said,

﴿ظپظژط£ظژطھظگظ…ظ‘ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ط¹ظژظ‡ظ’ط¯ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ظ…ظڈط¯ظ‘ظژطھظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’﴾

(So fulfill their treaty for them until the end of their term)﴿9:4﴾. So whoever had a coventant with Allah's Messenger then it would last until its period expired, this was reported from Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and others. We will also mention a Hadith on this matter. Abu Ma`shar Al-Madani said that Muhammad bin Ka`b Al-Qurazi and several others said, "The Messenger of Allah sent Abu Bakr to lead the Hajj rituals on the ninth year (of Hijrah). He also sent `Ali bin Abi Talib with thirty or forty Ayat from Bara'ah (At-Tawbah), and he recited them to the people, giving the idolators four months during which they freely move about in the land. He recited these Ayat on the day of `Arafah (ninth of Dhul-Hijjah). The idolators were given twenty more days (till the end) of Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, Safar, Rabi` Al-Awwal and ten days from Rabi` Ath-Thani. He proclaimed to them in their camping areas, `No Mushrik will be allowed to perform Hajj after this year, nor a naked person to perform Tawaf around the House.''' So Allah said,

﴿ظˆظژط£ظژط°ظژط§ظ†ظŒ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ظˆظژط±ظژط³ظڈظˆظ„ظگظ‡ظگ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط³ظگ ظٹظژظˆظ’ظ…ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط­ظژط¬ظ‘ظگ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒظƒظ’ط¨ظژط±ظگ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ط¨ظژط±ظگظ‰ط،ظŒ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظڈط´ظ’ط±ظگظƒظگظٹظ†ظژ ظˆظژط±ظژط³ظڈظˆظ„ظڈظ‡ظڈ ظپظژط¥ظگظ† طھظڈط¨ظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظژظ‡ظڈظˆظژ ط®ظژظٹظ’ط±ظŒ ظ„ظ‘ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط¥ظگظ† طھظژظˆظژظ„ظ‘ظژظٹظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظژط§ط¹ظ’ظ„ظژظ…ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط؛ظژظٹظ’ط±ظڈ ظ…ظڈط¹ظ’ط¬ظگط²ظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ظˆظژط¨ظژط´ظ‘ظگط±ظگ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظƒظژظپظژط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط¨ظگط¹ظژط°ظژط§ط¨ظچ ط£ظژظ„ظگظٹظ…ظچ ﴾

(3. And a declaration from Allah and His Messenger to mankind on the greatest day of Hajj that Allah is free from obligations to the Mushrikin and so is His Messenger. So if you repent, it is better for you, but if you turn away, then know that you cannot escape Allah. And give tidings of a painful torment for those who disbelieve. )