Tafsir Ibn Kathir -> Surah Al-Anfal -> Allah made each Group look few in the Eye of the Other

Mujahid said, "In a dream, Allah showed the Prophet the enemy as few. The Prophet conveyed this news to his Companions and their resolve strengthened.'' Similar was said by Ibn Ishaq and several others. Allah said,

﴿ظˆظژظ„ظژظˆظ’ ط£ظژط±ظژط§ظƒظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظƒظژط«ظگظٹط±ط§ظ‹ ظ„ظ‘ظژظپظژط´ظگظ„ظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’﴾

(If He had shown them to you as many, you would surely, have been discouraged,) you would have cowardly abstained from meeting them and fell in dispute among yourselves,

﴿ظˆظژظ„ظژظ€ظƒظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ط³ظژظ„ظ‘ظژظ…ظژ﴾

(But Allah saved), from all this, when He made you see them as few,

﴿ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط¹ظژظ„ظگظٹظ…ظŒ ط¨ظگط°ظژط§طھظگ ط§ظ„طµظ‘ظڈط¯ظڈظˆط±ظگ﴾

(Certainly, He is the All-Knower of that is in the breasts.) ﴿8:43﴾.

Allah knows what the heart and the inner-self conceal,

﴿ظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ„ظژظ…ظڈ ط®ظژط¢ط¦ظگظ†ظژط©ظژ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط¹ظ’ظٹظڈظ†ظگ ظˆظژظ…ظژط§ طھظڈط®ظ’ظپظگظ‰ ط§ظ„طµظ‘ظڈط¯ظڈظˆط±ظڈ ﴾

(Allah knows the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal) ﴿40:19﴾.

Allah's statement,

﴿ظˆظژط¥ظگط°ظ’ ظٹظڈط±ظگظٹظƒظڈظ…ظڈظˆظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط¥ظگط°ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’طھظژظ‚ظژظٹظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظگظ‰ ط£ظژط¹ظ’ظٹظڈظ†ظگظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظ‚ظژظ„ظگظٹظ„ط§ظ‹﴾

(And (remember) when you met, He showed them to you as few in your eyes) demonstrates Allah's compassion towards the believers. Allah made them see few disbelievers in their eyes, so that they would be encouraged and feel eager to meet them. Abu Ishaq As-Subai`i said, that Abu `Ubaydah said that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "They were made to seem few in our eyes during Badr, so that I said to a man who was next to me, `Do you think they are seventy' He said, `Rather, they are a hundred.' However, when we captured one of them, we asked him and he said, `We were a thousand.''' Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir recorded it. Allah said next,

﴿ظˆظژظٹظڈظ‚ظژظ„ظ‘ظگظ„ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظگظ‰ ط£ظژط¹ظ’ظٹظڈظ†ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’﴾

(and He made you appear as few in their eyes,) Allah said,

﴿ظˆظژط¥ظگط°ظ’ ظٹظڈط±ظگظٹظƒظڈظ…ظڈظˆظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط¥ظگط°ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’طھظژظ‚ظژظٹظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’﴾

(And (remember) when you met. He showed them to you...), He encouraged each of the two groups against the other, according to `Ikrimah, as recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim. This statement has a Sahih chain of narrators. Muhammad bin Ishaq said that Yahya bin `Abbad bin `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr narrated to him that his father said about Allah's statement,

﴿ظ„ظ‘ظگظٹظژظ‚ظ’ط¶ظگظٹظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط£ظژظ…ظ’ط±ط§ظ‹ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظژ ظ…ظژظپظ’ط¹ظڈظˆظ„ط§ظ‹﴾

(so that Allah might accomplish a matter already ordained, ) "In order for the war to start between them, so that He would have revenge against those whom He decided to have revenge (pagans), and grant and complete His favor upon those He decided to grant favor to, His supporters.'' The meaning of this, is that Allah encouraged each group against the other and made them look few in each other's eyes, so that they were eager to meet them. This occurred before the battle started, but when it started and Allah supported the believers with a thousand angels in succession, the disbelieving group saw the believers double their number. Allah said,

﴿ظ‚ظژط¯ظ’ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظژ ظ„ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط،ظژط§ظٹظژط©ظŒ ظپظگظٹ ظپظگط¦ظژطھظژظٹظ’ظ†ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’طھظژظ‚ظژطھظژط§ ظپظگط¦ظژط©ظŒ طھظڈظ‚ظژظ€طھظگظ„ظڈ ظپظگظ‰ ط³ظژط¨ظگظٹظ„ظگ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ظˆظژط£ظڈط®ظ’ط±ظژظ‰ ظƒظژط§ظپظگط±ظژط©ظŒ ظٹظژط±ظژظˆظ’ظ†ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظ…ظ‘ظگط«ظ’ظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ط±ظژط£ظ’ظ‰ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¹ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظٹظڈط¤ظژظٹظ‘ظگط¯ظڈ ط¨ظگظ†ظژطµظ’ط±ظگظ‡ظگ ظ…ظژظ† ظٹظژط´ظژط¢ط،ظڈ ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ظپظگظ‰ ط°ظژظ„ظگظƒظژ ظ„ظژط¹ظگط¨ظ’ط±ظژط©ظ‹ ظ„ط§ظˆظ’ظ„ظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط¨ظ’طµظژظ€ط±ظگ ﴾

(There has already been a sign for you (O Jews) in the two armies that met (in combat, the battle of Badr). One was fighting in the cause of Allah, and as for the other, (they) were disbelievers. They (disbelievers) saw them (believers) with their own eyes twice their number. And Allah supports with His aid whom He wills. Verily, in this is a lesson for those who understand.) ﴿3:13﴾

This is how we combine these two Ayat, and certainly, each one of them is true, all the thanks are due to Allah and all the favors are from Him.

﴿ظٹظژظ€ط£ظژظٹظ‘ظڈظ‡ظژط§ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط،ظژط§ظ…ظژظ†ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط¥ظگط°ظژط§ ظ„ظژظ‚ظگظٹطھظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظگط¦ظژط©ظ‹ ظپظژط§ط«ظ’ط¨ظڈطھظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظˆظژط§ط°ظ’ظƒظڈط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ظƒظژط«ظگظٹط±ط§ظ‹ ظ„ظ‘ظژط¹ظژظ„ظ‘ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ طھظڈظپظ’ظ„ظگط­ظڈظˆظ†ظژ - ظˆظژط£ظژط·ظگظٹط¹ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ظˆظژط±ظژط³ظڈظˆظ„ظژظ‡ظڈ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ طھظژظ†ظژظ€ط²ظژط¹ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظپظژطھظژظپظ’ط´ظژظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظˆظژطھظژط°ظ’ظ‡ظژط¨ظژ ط±ظگظٹط­ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط§طµظ’ط¨ظگط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ظ…ظژط¹ظژ ط§ظ„طµظ‘ظژظ€ط¨ظگط±ظگظٹظ†ظژ ﴾

(45. O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, take a firm stand against them and remember Allah much, so that you may be successful.) (46. And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute (with one another) lest you lose courage and your strength departs, and be patient. Surely, Allah is with the patients.)