Tafsir Ibn Kathir -> Surah Al-Ma'idah -> Allah Mentions `Isa and Praises the Injil

Allah said,

﴿ظˆظژظ‚ظژظپظ‘ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژط§﴾

(and We sent...) meaning, We sent

﴿ط¹ظژظ„ظژظ‰ ط،ظژط§ط«ظژظ€ط±ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’﴾

(in their footsteps) meaning the Prophets of the Children of Israel,

﴿ط¨ظگط¹ظژظٹط³ظژظ‰ ط§ط¨ظ’ظ†ظگ ظ…ظژط±ظ’ظٹظژظ…ظژ ظ…ظڈطµظژط¯ظ‘ظگظ‚ط§ظ‹ ظ„ظ‘ظگظ…ظژط§ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژ ظٹظژط¯ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„طھظژظˆظ’ط±ظژط§ط©ظگ﴾

(`Isa, son of Maryam, confirming the Tawrah that had come before him,) meaning, he believed in it and ruled by it.

﴿ظˆظژط،ظژط§طھظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ€ظ‡ظڈ ط§ظ„ط¥ظگظ†ط¬ظگظٹظ„ظژ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظگ ظ‡ظڈط¯ظ‹ظ‰ ظˆظژظ†ظڈظˆط±ظŒ﴾

(and We gave him the Injil, in which was guidance and light) a guidance that directs to the truth and a light that removes the doubts and solves disputes,

﴿ظˆظژظ…ظڈطµظژط¯ظ‘ظگظ‚ط§ظ‹ ظ„ظ‘ظگظ…ظژط§ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژ ظٹظژط¯ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„طھظ‘ظژظˆظ’ط±ظژط§ط©ظگ﴾

(and confirmation of the Tawrah that had come before it,) meaning, he adhered to the Tawrah, except for the few instances that clarified the truth where the Children of Israel differed. Allah states in another Ayah that `Isa said to the Children of Israel,

﴿ظˆظژظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط­ظگظ„ظ‘ظژ ظ„ظژظƒظڈظ… ط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¶ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹ ط­ظڈط±ظ‘ظگظ…ظژ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظƒظڈظ…ظ’﴾

(. ..and to make lawful to you part of what was forbidden to you.) So the scholars say that the Injil abrogated some of the rulings of the Tawrah. Allah's statement,

﴿ظˆظژظ‡ظڈط¯ظ‹ظ‰ ظˆظژظ…ظژظˆظ’ط¹ظگط¸ظژط©ظŒ ظ„ظ‘ظگظ„ظ’ظ…ظڈطھظ‘ظژظ‚ظگظٹظ†ظژ﴾

(a guidance and an admonition for those who have Taqwa.) means, We made the Injil guidance and an admonition that prohibits committing sins and errors, for those who have Taqwa of Allah and fear His warning and torment. Allah said next,

﴿ظˆظژظ„ظ’ظٹظژط­ظ’ظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظژظ‡ظ’ظ„ظڈ ط§ظ„ط¥ظگظ†ط¬ظگظٹظ„ظگ ط¨ظگظ…ظژط¢ ط£ظژظ†ط²ظژظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظگ﴾

(Let the people of the Injil judge by what Allah has revealed therein.) meaning, so that He judges the people of the Injil by it in their time. Or, the Ayah means, so that they believe in all that is in it and adhere to all its commands, including the good news about the coming of Muhammad and the command to believe in and follow him when he is sent. Allah said in other Ayat,

﴿ظ‚ظڈظ„ظ’ ظٹظژظ€ط£ظژظ‡ظ’ظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظƒظگطھظژظ€ط¨ظگ ظ„ظژط³ظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظ‰ ط´ظژظ‰ظ’ط،ظچ ط­ظژطھظ‘ظژظ‰ طھظڈظ‚ظگظٹظ…ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط§ظ„طھظ‘ظژظˆظ’ط±ظژط§ط©ظژ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط¥ظگظ†ط¬ظگظٹظ„ظژ ظˆظژظ…ظژط¢ ط£ظڈظ†ط²ظگظ„ظژ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظٹظ’ظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ† ط±ظ‘ظژط¨ظ‘ظگظƒظڈظ…ظ’﴾

(Say "O People of the Scripture! You have nothing (guidance) until you act according to the Tawrah, the Injil, and what has been sent down to you from your Lord.'') and,

﴿ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظٹظژطھظ‘ظژط¨ظگط¹ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ط±ظ‘ظژط³ظڈظˆظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط¨ظگظ‰ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ط£ظڈظ…ظ‘ظگظ‰ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظ‰ ظٹظژط¬ظگط¯ظڈظˆظ†ظژظ‡ظڈ ظ…ظژظƒظ’طھظڈظˆط¨ظ‹ط§ ط¹ظگظ†ط¯ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظگظ‰ ط§ظ„طھظ‘ظژظˆظ’ط±ظژط§ط©ظگ﴾

(Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write whom they find written with them in the Tawrah...) until,

﴿ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظڈظپظ’ظ„ظگط­ظڈظˆظ†ظژ﴾

(...successful.) Here, Allah said,

﴿ظˆظژظ…ظژظ† ظ„ظ‘ظژظ…ظ’ ظٹظژط­ظ’ظƒظڈظ… ط¨ظگظ…ظژط¢ ط£ظژظ†ط²ظژظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظپظژط£ظڈظˆظ’ظ„ظژظ€ط¦ظگظƒظژ ظ‡ظڈظ…ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ’ظپظژظ€ط³ظگظ‚ظڈظˆظ†ظژ﴾

(And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the rebellious.) meaning, the rebellious and disobedient of Allah who prefer falsehood and abandon truth. We mentioned before that this Ayah was revealed about the Christians, and this is evident from the context of the Ayah.

﴿ظˆظژط£ظژظ†ط²ظژظ„ظ’ظ†ظژط¢ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظٹظ’ظƒظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظƒظگطھظژظ€ط¨ظژ ط¨ظگط§ظ„ظ’ط­ظژظ‚ظ‘ظگ ظ…ظڈطµظژط¯ظ‘ظگظ‚ط§ظ‹ ظ„ظ‘ظگظ…ظژط§ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژ ظٹظژط¯ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظƒظگطھظژظ€ط¨ظگ ظˆظژظ…ظڈظ‡ظژظٹظ’ظ…ظگظ†ط§ظ‹ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگ ظپظژط§ط­ظ’ظƒظڈظ… ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ‡ظڈظ… ط¨ظگظ…ظژط¢ ط£ظژظ†ط²ظژظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ طھظژطھظ‘ظژط¨ظگط¹ظ’ ط£ظژظ‡ظ’ظˆظژط¢ط،ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط¹ظژظ…ظ‘ظژط§ ط¬ظژط¢ط،ظژظƒظژ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط­ظژظ‚ظ‘ظگ ظ„ظگظƒظڈظ„ظ‘ظچ ط¬ظژط¹ظژظ„ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ†ظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط´ظگط±ظ’ط¹ظژط©ظ‹ ظˆظژظ…ظگظ†ظ’ظ‡ظژظ€ط¬ط§ظ‹ ظˆظژظ„ظژظˆظ’ ط´ظژط¢ط،ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظ„ظژط¬ظژط¹ظژظ„ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظڈظ…ظ‘ظژط©ظ‹ ظˆظژط­ظگط¯ظژط©ظ‹ ظˆظژظ„ظژظ€ظƒظگظ† ظ„ظ‘ظگظٹظژط¨ظ’ظ„ظڈظˆظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظگظ‰ ظ…ظژط¢ ط،ظژط§طھظژظ€ظƒظڈظ… ظپظژط§ط³ظ’طھظژط¨ظگظ‚ظڈظˆط§ ط§ظ„ط®ظژظٹظ’ط±ظژط§طھظگ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‡ ظ…ظژط±ظ’ط¬ظگط¹ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط¬ظژظ…ظگظٹط¹ط§ظ‹ ظپظژظٹظڈظ†ظژط¨ظ‘ظگط¦ظڈظƒظڈظ… ط¨ظگظ…ظژط§ ظƒظڈظ†طھظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظگ طھظژط®ظ’طھظژظ„ظگظپظڈظˆظ†ظژ - ظˆظژط£ظژظ†ظگ ط§ط­ظ’ظƒظڈظ… ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط¨ظگظ…ظژط¢ ط£ظژظ†ط²ظژظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ طھظژطھظ‘ظژط¨ظگط¹ظ’ ط£ظژظ‡ظ’ظˆظژط¢ط،ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط§ط­ظ’ط°ظژط±ظ’ظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظژظ† ظٹظژظپظ’طھظگظ†ظڈظˆظƒظژ ط¹ظژظ† ط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¶ظگ ظ…ظژط¢ ط£ظژظ†ط²ظژظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظٹظ’ظƒظژ ظپظژط¥ظگظ† طھظژظˆظژظ„ظ‘ظژظˆظ’ط§ظ’ ظپظژط§ط¹ظ’ظ„ظژظ…ظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژظ…ظژط§ ظٹظڈط±ظگظٹط¯ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط£ظژظ† ظٹظڈطµظگظٹط¨ظژظ‡ظڈظ… ط¨ظگط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¶ظگ ط°ظڈظ†ظڈظˆط¨ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ظƒظژط«ظگظٹط±ط§ظ‹ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط³ظگ ظ„ظژظپظژظ€ط³ظگظ‚ظڈظˆظ†ظژ - ط£ظژظپظژط­ظڈظƒظ’ظ…ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¬ظژظ€ظ‡ظگظ„ظگظٹظ‘ظژط©ظگ ظٹظژط¨ظ’ط؛ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ظˆظژظ…ظژظ†ظ’ ط£ظژط­ظ’ط³ظژظ†ظڈ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ط­ظڈظƒظ’ظ…ط§ظ‹ ظ„ظ‘ظگظ‚ظژظˆظ’ظ…ظچ ظٹظڈظˆظ‚ظگظ†ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ﴾

(48. And We have sent down to you the Book (this Qur'an) in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before it and Muhayminan over it (old Scriptures). So judge between them by what Allah has revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging away from the truth that has come to you. To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allah willed, He would have made you one nation, but that (He) may test you in what He has given you; so compete in good deeds. The return of you (all) is to Allah; then He will inform you about that in which you used to differ.) (49. And so judge between them by what Allah has revealed and follow not their vain desires, but beware of them lest they turn you far away from some of that which Allah has sent down to you. And if they turn away, then know that Allah's will is to punish them for some sins of theirs. And truly, most men are rebellious. (50. Do they then seek the judgement of (the days of) ignorance And who is better in judgement than Allah for a people who have firm faith.)