﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ص وَالْقُرْءَانِ ذِى الذِّكْرِ - بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ وَشِقَاقٍ - كَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّن قَرْنٍ فَنَادَواْ وَّلاَتَ حِينَ مَنَاصٍ ﴾
(1. Sad. By the Qur'an full of reminding.) (2. Those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition.) (3. How many a generation have We destroyed before them! And they cried out when there was no longer time for escape.) We have already discussed the separate letters in the the beginning of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah, and there is no need to repeat it here.
﴿وَالْقُرْءَانِ ذِى الذِّكْرِ﴾
(By the Qur'an full of reminding.) means, by the Qur'an which includes all that is in it as a reminder and a benefit to people in this life and the Hereafter. Ad-Dahhak said that the Ayah,
﴿ذِى الذِّكْرِ﴾
(full of reminding.) is like the Ayah,
﴿لَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكُمْ كِتَـباً فِيهِ ذِكْرُكُمْ﴾
(Indeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a Book in which there is Dhikrukum) (21:10). i.e., your reminder. This was also the view of Qatadah and of Ibn Jarir. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Isma`il bin Abi Khalid, Ibn `Uyaynah, Abu Husayn, Abu Salih and As-Suddi said:
﴿ذِى الذِّكْرِ﴾
(full of reminding.) "Full of honor,'' i.e., of high standing. There is no contradiction between the two views, because it is a noble Book which includes reminders and leaves no excuse and brings warnings. The reason for this oath is to be found in the Ayah:
﴿إِن كُلٌّ إِلاَّ كَذَّبَ الرٌّسُلَ فَحَقَّ عِقَابِ ﴾
(Not one of them but denied the Messengers; therefore My torment was justified.) (38:14). Qatadah said, "The reason for it is to be found in the Ayah:
﴿بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ وَشِقَاقٍ ﴾
(Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition).'' This was the view favored by Ibn Jarir.
﴿بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ وَشِقَاقٍ ﴾
(Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition.) means, in this Qur'an there is a reminder for those who will be reminded and a lesson for those who will learn a lesson, but the disbelievers will not benefit from it because they
﴿فِى عِزَّةٍ﴾
(are in false pride) meaning, arrogance and tribalism,
﴿وَشِقَاقٍ﴾
(and opposition.) means, they are stubbornly opposed to it and go against it. Then Allah scares them with news of how the nations who came before them were destroyed because of their opposition to the Messengers and their disbelief in the Scriptures that were revealed from heaven. Allah says:
﴿كَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّن قَرْنٍ﴾
(How many a generation have We destroyed before them!) meaning, disbelieving nations.
﴿فَنَادَوْاْ﴾
(And they cried out) means, when the punishment came to them, they called for help and cried out to Allah, but that did not save them at all. This is like the Ayat:
﴿فَلَمَّآ أَحَسُّواْ بَأْسَنَآ إِذَا هُمْ مِّنْهَا يَرْكُضُونَ - لاَ تَرْكُضُواْ وَارْجِعُواْ إِلَى مَآ أُتْرِفْتُمْ فِيهِ وَمَسَـكِنِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُسْأَلُونَ ﴾
(Then, when they perceived (saw) Our torment, behold, they (tried to) flee from it. Flee not, but return to that wherein you lived a luxurious life, and to your homes, in order that you may be questioned.) (21:12-13). Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded that At-Tamimi said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, about the Ayah:
﴿فَنَادَواْ وَّلاَتَ حِينَ مَنَاصٍ﴾
(And they cried out when there was no longer time for escape.) He said that it was not the time for them to call or flee or escape. Muhammad bin Ka`b said, concerning the Ayah:
﴿فَنَادَواْ وَّلاَتَ حِينَ مَنَاصٍ﴾
(And they cried out when there was no longer time for escape.) "They called for Tawhid when their lives were over, and they resorted to repentance when their lives were over.'' Qatadah said, "When they saw the punishment, they wanted to repent when there was no longer time to call out.'' Mujahid said:
﴿فَنَادَواْ وَّلاَتَ حِينَ مَنَاصٍ﴾
(And they cried out when there was no longer time for escape.) "It was not the time to flee or escape.'' Allah says:
﴿وَّلاَتَ حِينَ مَنَاصٍ﴾
(when there was no longer time for escape.) meaning, there was no time to escape or run away; and Allah knows best.
﴿وَعَجِبُواْ أَن جَآءَهُم مٌّنذِرٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَقَالَ الْكَـفِرُونَ هَـذَا سَـحِرٌ كَذَّابٌ - أَجَعَلَ الاٌّلِهَةَ إِلَـهاً وَحِداً إِنَّ هَـذَا لَشَىْءٌ عُجَابٌ - وَانطَلَقَ الْمَلأُ مِنْهُمْ أَنِ امْشُواْ وَاْصْبِرُواْ عَلَى ءَالِهَتِكُمْ إِنَّ هَـذَا لَشَىْءٌ يُرَادُ - مَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَـذَا فِى الْمِلَّةِ الاٌّخِرَةِ إِنْ هَـذَا إِلاَّ اخْتِلاَقٌ - أَءَنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ الذِّكْرُ مِن بَيْنِنَا بْل هُمْ فَى شَكٍّ مِّن ذِكْرِى بَل لَّمَّا يَذُوقُواْ عَذَابِ - أَمْ عِندَهُمْ خَزَآئِنُ رَحْمَةِ رَبِّكَ الْعَزِيزِ الْوَهَّابِ - أَمْ لَهُم مٌّلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيَنَهُمَا فَلْيَرْتَقُواْ فِى الاٌّسْبَابِ - جُندٌ مَّا هُنَالِكَ مَهْزُومٌ مِّن الاٌّحَزَابِ ﴾
(4. And they wonder that a warner has come to them from among themselves. And the disbelievers say: "This is a sorcerer, a liar.'') (5. "Has he made the gods into One God. Verily, this is a curious thing!'') (6. And the leaders among them went about (saying): "Go on, and remain constant to your gods! Verily, this is a thing designed!'') (7. "We have not heard (the like) of this in the religion of these later days. This is nothing but an invention!'') (8. "Has the Reminder been sent down to him (alone) from among us'' Nay, but they are in doubt about My Reminder! Nay, but they have not tasted (My) torment!) (9. Or have they the treasures of the mercy of your Lord, the Almighty, the Real Bestower) (10. Or is it that the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them is theirs If so, let them ascend up with means!) (11. They will be a defeated host like the Confederates of the old times.)