Tafsir Ibn Kathir -> Surah Al-Baqarah -> The Proofs for Tawhid |
Allah said: ﴿ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ظپظگظٹ ط®ظژظ„ظ’ظ‚ظگ ط§ظ„ط³ظ‘ظژظ…ظژظ€ظˆظژطھظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط±ظ’ط¶ظگ﴾ (Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth...) Therefore, the sky, with its height, intricate design, vastness, the heavenly objects in orbit, and this earth, with its density, its lowlands, mountains, seas, deserts, valleys, and other structures, and beneficial things that it has. Allah continues: ﴿ظˆظژط§ط®ظ’طھظگظ„ظژظ€ظپظگ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ظ„ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژط§ط±ظگ﴾ (...and in the alternation of night and day.) This (the night) comes and then goes followed by the other (the day) which does not delay for even an instant, just as Allah said: ﴿ظ„ط§ظژ ط§ظ„ط´ظ‘ظژظ…ظ’ط³ظڈ ظٹظژظ†ط¨ظژط؛ظگظ‰ ظ„ظژظ‡ظژط¢ ط£ظژظ† طھط¯ظ’ط±ظگظƒظژ ط§ظ„ظ‚ظژظ…ظژط±ظژ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ظ„ظڈ ط³ظژط§ط¨ظگظ‚ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژط§ط±ظگ ظˆظژظƒظڈظ„ظ‘ظŒ ظپظگظ‰ ظپظژظ„ظژظƒظچ ظٹظژط³ظ’ط¨ظژطظڈظˆظ†ظژ ﴾ (It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. They all float, each in an orbit.) (36:40) Sometimes, the day grows shorter and the night longer, and sometimes vice versa, one takes from the length of the other. Similarly Allah said: ﴿ظٹظڈظˆظ„ظگط¬ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ظ„ظژ ظپظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژط§ط±ظگ ظˆظژظٹظڈظˆظ„ظگط¬ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژط§ط±ظژ ظپظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ظ„ظگ﴾ (Allah merges the night into the day, and He merges the day into the night) (57:6) meaning, He extends the length of one from the other and vice versa. Allah then continues: ﴿ظˆظژط§ظ„ظ’ظپظڈظ„ظ’ظƒظگ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژطھظگظ‰ طھظژط¬ظ’ط±ظگظ‰ ظپظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¨ظژطظ’ط±ظگ ط¨ظگظ…ظژط§ ظٹظژظ†ظپظژط¹ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط³ظژ﴾ (. ..and the ships which sail through the sea with that which is of use to mankind,) Shaping the sea in this manner, so that it is able to carry ships from one shore to another, so people benefit from what the other region has, and export what they have to them and vice versa. Allah then continues: ﴿ظˆظژظ…ظژط¢ ط£ظژظ†ط²ظژظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ط³ظ‘ظژظ…ظژط¢ط،ظگ ظ…ظگظ† ظ…ظ‘ظژط¢ط،ظچ ظپظژط£ظژطظ’ظٹظژط§ ط¨ظگظ‡ظگ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط±ظ’ط¶ظژ ط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¯ظژ ظ…ظژظˆظ’طھظگظ‡ظژط§﴾ (...and the water (rain) which Allah sends down from the sky and makes the earth alive therewith after its death), which is similar to Allah's statement: ﴿ظˆظژط،ظژط§ظٹظژط©ظŒ ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظڈ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط±ظ’ط¶ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظژظٹظ’طھظژط©ظڈ ط£ظژطظ’ظٹظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ€ظ‡ظژط§ ظˆظژط£ظژط®ظ’ط±ظژط¬ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ†ظ’ظ‡ظژط§ طظژط¨ظ‘ط§ظ‹ ظپظژظ…ظگظ†ظ’ظ‡ظڈ ظٹظژط£ظ’ظƒظڈظ„ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ﴾ (And a sign for them is the dead land. We give it life, and We bring forth from it grains, so that they eat thereof.) (36:33), until: ﴿ظˆظژظ…ظگظ…ظ‘ظژط§ ظ„ط§ظژ ظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ„ظژظ…ظڈظˆظ†ظژ﴾ (which they know not.) (36:36) Allah continues: ﴿ظˆظژط¨ظژط«ظ‘ظژ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ† ظƒظڈظ„ظ‘ظگ ط¯ظژط¢ط¨ظ‘ظژط©ظچ﴾ (and the moving (living) creatures of all kinds that He has scattered therein,) meaning, in various shapes, colors, uses and sizes, whether small or large. Allah knows all that, sustains it, and nothing is concealed from Him. Similarly, Allah said: ﴿ظˆظژظ…ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ† ط¯ظژط¢ط¨ظ‘ظژط©ظچ ظپظگظٹ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط±ظ’ط¶ظگ ط¥ظگظ„ط§ظ‘ظژ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ط±ظگط²ظ’ظ‚ظڈظ‡ظژط§ ظˆظژظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ„ظژظ…ظڈ ظ…ظڈط³ظ’طھظژظ‚ظژط±ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژط§ ظˆظژظ…ظڈط³ظ’طھظژظˆظ’ط¯ظژط¹ظژظ‡ظژط§ ظƒظڈظ„ظ‘ظŒ ظپظگظ‰ ظƒظگطھظژط§ط¨ظچ ظ…ظ‘ظڈط¨ظگظٹظ†ظچ ﴾ (And no moving (living) creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allah. And He knows its dwelling place and its deposit (in the uterus or grave). All is in a Clear Book (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz ظ€ the Book of Decrees with Allah).) (11:6) ﴿ظˆظژطھظژطµظ’ط±ظگظٹظپظگ ط§ظ„ط±ظ‘ظگظٹظژظ€طظگ﴾ (...and in the veering of winds...) Sometimes, the wind brings mercy and sometimes torment. Sometimes it brings the good news of the clouds that follow it, sometimes it leads the clouds, herding them, scattering them or directing them. Sometimes, the wind comes from the north (the northern wind), and sometimes from the south, sometimes from the east, and striking the front of the Ka`bah, sometimes from the west, striking its back. There are many books about the wind rain, stars and the regulations related to them, but here is not the place to elaborate on that, and Allah knows best. Allah continues: ﴿ظˆظژط§ظ„ط³ظ‘ظژطظژط§ط¨ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظڈط³ظژط®ظ‘ظژط±ظگ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ط³ظ‘ظژظ…ظژط¢ط،ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط£ظژط±ظ’ط¶ظگ﴾ (...and clouds which are held between the sky and the earth,) The clouds run between the sky and the earth to wherever Allah wills of lands and areas. Allah said next: ﴿ظ„ط¢ظٹظژظ€طھظچ ظ„ظ‘ظگظ‚ظژظˆظ’ظ…ظچ ظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ‚ظگظ„ظڈظˆظ†ظژ﴾ (...are indeed Ayat for people of understanding,) meaning, all these things are clear signs that testify to Allah's Oneness. Similarly, Allah said: ﴿ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ظپظگظ‰ ط®ظژظ„ظ’ظ‚ظگ ط§ظ„ط³ظ‘ظژظ…ظژظ€ظˆظژطھظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط±ظ’ط¶ظگ ظˆظژط§ط®ظ’طھظگظ„ظژظ€ظپظگ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ظ„ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژط§ط±ظگ ظ„ط§ظ‘ظٹظژظ€طھظچ ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒظˆظ’ظ„ظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒظ„ظ’ط¨ظژظ€ط¨ظگ - ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظٹظژط°ظ’ظƒظڈط±ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ظ‚ظگظٹظژظ€ظ…ط§ظ‹ ظˆظژظ‚ظڈط¹ظڈظˆط¯ط§ظ‹ ظˆظژط¹ظژظ„ظژظ‰ ط¬ظڈظ†ظڈظˆط¨ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظٹظژطھظژظپظژظƒظ‘ظژط±ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ظپظگظ‰ ط®ظژظ„ظ’ظ‚ظگ ط§ظ„ط³ظ‘ظژظ…ظژظ€ظˆظژطھظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط±ظ’ط¶ظگ ط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظژظ†ظژط¢ ظ…ظژط§ ط®ظژظ„ظژظ‚ظ’طھظژ ظ‡ظژط°ط§ ط¨ظژظ€ط·ظگظ„ط§ظ‹ ط³ظڈط¨ظ’طظژظ€ظ†ظژظƒظژ ظپظژظ‚ظگظ†ظژط§ ط¹ظژط°ظژط§ط¨ظژ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط±ظگ ﴾ (Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding. Those who remember Allah (always, and in prayers) standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and think deeply about the creation of the heavens and the earth, (saying): "Our Lord! You have not created (all) this without purpose, glory to You! (Exalted are You above all that they associate with You as partners). Give us salvation from the torment of the Fire.'') (3:190, 191) ﴿ظˆظژظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط³ظگ ظ…ظژظ† ظٹظژطھظ‘ظژط®ظگط°ظڈ ظ…ظگظ† ط¯ظڈظˆظ†ظگ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ط£ظژظ†ط¯ظژط§ط¯ظ‹ط§ ظٹظڈطظگط¨ظ‘ظڈظˆظ†ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظƒظژطظڈط¨ظ‘ظگ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط،ظژط§ظ…ظژظ†ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط£ظژط´ظژط¯ظ‘ظڈ طظڈط¨ظ‘ظ‹ط§ ظ„ظگظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ظˆظژظ„ظژظˆظ’ ظٹظژط±ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط¸ظژظ„ظژظ…ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط¥ظگط°ظ’ ظٹظژط±ظژظˆظ’ظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¹ظژط°ظژط§ط¨ظژ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ‚ظڈظˆظ‘ظژط©ظژ ظ„ظگظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ط¬ظژظ…ظگظٹط¹ظ‹ط§ ظˆظژط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ط´ظژط¯ظگظٹط¯ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¹ظژط°ظژط§ط¨ظگ - ط¥ظگط°ظ’ طھظژط¨ظژط±ظ‘ظژط£ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط§طھظ‘ظڈط¨ظگط¹ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط§طھظ‘ظژط¨ظژط¹ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظˆظژط±ظژط£ظژظˆظڈط§ظ’ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¹ظژط°ظژط§ط¨ظژ ظˆظژطھظژظ‚ظژط·ظ‘ظژط¹ظژطھظ’ ط¨ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظڈ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط³ظ’ط¨ظژط§ط¨ظڈ - ظˆظژظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط§طھظ‘ظژط¨ظژط¹ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ„ظژظˆظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژ ظ„ظژظ†ظژط§ ظƒظژط±ظ‘ظژط©ظ‹ ظپظژظ†ظژطھظژط¨ظژط±ظ‘ظژط£ظژ ظ…ظگظ†ظ’ظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظƒظژظ…ظژط§ طھظژط¨ظژط±ظ‘ظژط،ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ…ظگظ†ظ‘ظژط§ ظƒظژط°ظژظ„ظگظƒظژ ظٹظڈط±ظگظٹظ‡ظگظ…ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط£ظژط¹ظ’ظ…ظژظ€ظ„ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ طظژط³ظژط±ظژطھظچ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظ…ظژط§ ظ‡ظڈظ… ط¨ظگط®ظژظ€ط±ظگط¬ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط±ظگ ﴾ (165. And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others besides Allah as rivals (to Allah). They love them as they love Allah. But those who believe, love Allah more (than anything else). If only, those who do wrong could see, when they will see the torment, that all power belongs to Allah and that Allah is severe in punishment.) (166. When those who were followed disown (declare themselves innocent of) those who followed (them), and they see the torment, then all their relations will be cut off from them). (167. And those who followed will say: "If only we had one more chance to return (to the worldly life), we would disown (declare ourselves as innocent from) them as they have disowned (declared themselves as innocent from) us. '' Thus Allah will show them their deeds as regrets for them. And they will never get out of the Fire.)
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