Wills and Testaments (Wasaayaa)
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 1:
Narrated Abdullah bin Umar: Allah's Apostle said, "It is not permissible for any Muslim who has something to will to stay for two
nights without having his last will and testament written and kept ready with him."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 2:
Narrated Amr bin Al-Harith:
(The brother of the wife of Allah's Apostle. Juwaira bint Al-Harith) When Allah's Apostle died, he did not leave any Dirham or Dinar
(i.e. money), a slave or a slave woman or anything else except his white mule, his arms and a piece of land which he had given in
charity .
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 3:
Narrated Talha bin Musarrif:
I asked 'Abdullah bin Abu Aufa "Did the Prophet make a will?" He replied, "No," I asked him, "How is it then that the making of a
will has been enjoined on people, (or that they are ordered to make a will)?" He replied, "The Prophet bequeathed Allah's Book (i.e.
Quran)."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 4:
Narrated Al-Aswad:
In the presence of 'Aisha some people mentioned that the Prophet had appointed 'Ali by will as his succ essor. 'Aisha said, "When did
he appoint him by will? Verily when he died he was resting against my chest (or said: in my lap) and he asked for a wash-basin and
then collapsed while in that state, and I could not even perceive that he had died, so when did he appoint him by will?"
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 5:
Narrated Sad bin Abu Waqqas:
The Prophet came visiting me while I was (sick) in Mecca, ('Amir the sub-narrator said, and he disliked to die in the land, whence he
had already migrated). He (i.e. the Prophet) said, "May Allah bestow His Mercy on Ibn Afra (Sad bin Khaula)." I said, "O Allah's
Apostle! May I will all my property (in charity)?" He said, "No." I said, "Then may I will half of it?" He said, "No". I said, "One
third?" He said: "Yes, one third, yet even one third is too much. It is better for you to leave your inheritors wealthy than to leave them
poor begging others, and whatever you spend for Allah's sake will be considered as a charitable deed even the handful of food you put
in your wife's mouth. Allah may lengthen your age so that some people may benefit by you, and some others be harmed by you." At
that time Sad had only one daughter.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 6:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
I recommend that people reduce the proportion of what they bequeath by will to the fourth (of the whole legacy), for Allah's Apostle
said, "One-third, yet even one third is too much."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 7:
Narrated Sad:
I fell sick and the Prophet paid me a visit. I said to him, "O Allah's Apostle! I invoke Allah that He may not let me expire in the land
whence I migrated (i.e. Mecca)." He said, "May Allah give you health and let the people benefit by you." I said, "I want to will my
property, and I have only one daughter and I want to will half of my property (to be given in charity)." He said," Half is too much." I
said, "Then I will one third." He said, "One-third, yet even one-third is too much." (The narrator added, "So the people started to will
one third of their property and that was Permitted for them.")
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 8:
Narrated 'Aisha:
(the wife of the Prophet) Utba bin Abi Waqqas entrusted (his son) to his brother Sad bin Abi Waqqas saying, "The son of the slave-
girl of Zam'a is my (illegal) son, take him into your custody." So during the year of the Conquest (of Mecca) Sad took the boy and
said, "This is my brother's son whom my brother entrusted to me." 'Abu bin Zam's got up and said, "He is my brother and the son of
the slave girl of my father and was born on my father's bed." Then both of them came to Allah's Apostle and Sad said, "O Allah's
Apostle! This is my brother's son whom my brother entrusted to me."
Then 'Abu bin Zam'a got up and said, "This is my brother and the son of the slave-girl of my father." Allah's Apostle said, "O Abu bin
Zam'a! This boy is for you as the boy belongs to the bed (where he was born), and for the adulterer is the stone (i.e. deprivation)."
Then the Prophet said to his wife Sauda bint Zam'a, "Screen yourself from this boy," when he saw the boy's resemblance to 'U tba.
Since then the boy did not see Sauda till he died.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 9:
Narrated Anas:
A Jew crushed the head of a girl between two stones. She was asked, "Who has done so to you, so-and-so? So-and-so?" Till the name
of the Jew was mentioned, whereupon she nodded (in agreement). So the Jew was brought and was questioned till he confessed. The
Prophet then ordered that his head be crushed with stones.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 10:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
The custom (in old days) was that the property of the deceased would be inherited by his offspring; as for the parents (of the
deceased), they would inherit by the will of the deceased. Then Allah cancelled from that custom whatever He wished and fixed for
the male double the amount inherited by the female, and for each parent a sixth (of the whole legac y) and for the wife an eighth or a
fourth and for the husband a half or a fourth.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 11:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
A man asked the Prophet, "O Allah's Apostle! What kind of charity is the best?" He replied. "To giv e in charity when you are healthy
and greedy hoping to be wealthy and afraid of becoming poor. Don't delay giving in charity till the time when you are on the death
bed when you say, 'Give so much to so-and-so and so much to so-and so,' and at that time the property is not yours but it belongs to
so-and-so (i.e. your inheritors)."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 12:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "The signs of a hypocrite are three: Whenever he speaks he tells a lie; whenever he is entrusted he proves dishonest;
whenever he promises he breaks his promise."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 13:
Narrated 'Urwa bin Az-Zubair: Hakim bin Hizam said, "I asked Allah's Apostle for something, and he gave me, and I asked him again
and he gave me and said, 'O Hakim! This wealth is green and sweet (i.e. as tempting as fruits), and whoever takes it with
The upper (i.e. giving) hand is better than the lower (i.e. taking) hand." Hakim added, "I said, O Allah's Apostle! By Him Who has
sent you with the Truth I will never demand anything from anybody after you till I die." Afterwards Abu Bakr used to call Hakim t o
give him something but he refused to accept anything from him. Then 'Umar called him to give him (something) but he refused. Then
'Umar said, "O Muslims! I offered to him (i.e. Hakim) his share which Allah has ordained for him from this booty and he refuses to
take it." Thus Hakim did not ask anybody for anything after the Prophet, till he died--may Allah bestow His mercy upon him.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 14:
Narrated Ibn Umar:
I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "All of you are guardians and responsible for your charges: the Ruler (i.e. Imam) is a guardian and
responsible for his subjects; and a man is a guardian of his family and is responsible for his charges; and a lady is a guardian in the
house of her husband and is responsible for her charge; and a servant is a guardian of the property of his master and is responsible for
his charge." I think he also said, "And a man is a guardian of the property of his father."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 15:
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet said to Abu Talha, "I recommend that you divide (this garden) amongst your relatives." Abu Talha said, "O Allah's
Apostle! I will do the same." So Abu Talha divided it among his relatives and cousins.
Ibn 'Abbes said, "When the Qur'anic Verse:
"Warn your nearest kinsmen." (26.214)
Was revealed, the Prophet started calling the various big families of Quraish, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani Adi!".
Abu Huraira said, "When the Verse: "Warn your nearest kinsmen" was revealed, the Prophet said (in a loud voice), "O people of
Quraish!"
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 16:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
When Allah revealed the Verse: "Warn your nearest kinsmen," Allah's Apostle got up and said, "O peo ple of Quraish (or said similar
words)! Buy (i.e. save) yourselves (from the Hellfire) as I cannot save you from Allah's Punishment; O Bani Abd Manaf! I cannot
save you from Allah's Punishment, O Safiya, the Aunt of Allah's Apostle! I cannot save you from Allah's Punishment; O Fatima bint
Muhammad! Ask me anything from my wealth, but I cannot save you from Allah's Punishment."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 17:
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet saw a man driving a Badana (i.e. camel for sacrifice) and said to him, "Ride on it." The man said, "O Allah's Apostle! It
is a Bandana." (The Prophet repeated his order) and on the third or fourth time he said, "Ride it, (woe to you" or said: "May Allah be
merciful to you)."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 18:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle saw a man driving a Badana and said to him, "Ride on it," and on the second or the third time he added, "Woe to you."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 19:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
The mother of Sad bin 'Ubada died in his absence. He said, "O Allah's Apostle! My mother died in my absence; will it be of any
benefit for her if I give Sadaqa on her behalf?" The Prophet said, "Yes," Sad said, "I make you a witness that I gave my garden called
Al Makhraf in charity on her behalf."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 20:
Narrated Kab bin Malik:
I said, "O Allah's Apostle! For the acceptance of my repentance I wish to give all my property in charity for Allah's sake through His
Apostle ." He said, "It is better for you to keep some of the property for yourself." I said, "Then I will keep my share in Khaibar."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 21:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
Some people claim that the order in the above Verse is cancelled, by Allah, it is not cancelled, but the people have stopped acting on
it. There are two kinds of guardians (who are in charge of the inheritance): One is that who inherits; such a person should give (of
what he inherits to the relatives, the orphans and the needy, etc.), the other is that who does not inherit (e.g. the guardian of the
orphans): such a person should speak kindly and say (to those who are present at the time of distribution), "I can not give it to you (as
the wealth belongs to the orphans)."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 22:
Narrated 'Aisha:
A man said to the Prophet, "My mother died suddenly, and I think that if she could speak, she would have given in charity. May I give
in charity on her behalf?" He said, "Yes! Give in charity on her behalf."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 23:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
Sad bin Ubada consulted Allah's Apostle saying, "My mother died and she had an unfulfilled vow." The Prophet said, "Fulfill it on
her behalf."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 24:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
That the mother of Sad bin Ubada the brother of Bani Saida died in Sad's absence, so he came to the Prophet saying, "O Allah's
Apostle! My mother died in my absence, will it benefit her if I give in charity on her behalf?" The Prophet said, "Yes." Sad said, "I
take you as my witness that I give my garden Al-Makhraf in charity on her behalf."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 25:
Narrated Az-Zuhri:
Urwa bin Az-Zubair said that he asked 'Aisha about the meaning of the Quranic Verse:--
"And if you fear that you will not deal fairly with the orphan girls then marry (other) women of your choice." (4.2-3)
Aisha said, "It is about a female orphan under the guardianship of her guardian who is inclined towards her because of her beauty and
wealth, and likes to marry her with a Mahr less than what is given to women of her standard. So they (i.e. guardians) were forbidden
to marry the orphans unless they paid them a full appropriate Mahr (otherwise) they were ordered to marry other women instead of
them. Later on the people asked Allah's Apostle about it. So Allah revealed the following Verse:--
"They ask your instruction (O Muhammad!) regarding women. Say: Allah instructs you regarding them..." (4.127)
and in this Verse Allah indicated that if the orphan gi rl was beautiful and wealthy, her guardian would have the desire to marry her
without giving her an appropriate Mahr equal to what her peers could get, but if she was undesirable for lack of beauty or wealth, then
he would not marry her, but seek to marry some other woman instead of her. So, since he did not marry her when he had no
inclination towards her, he had not the right to marry her when he had an interest in her, unless he treated her justly by giving her a
full Mahr and securing all her rights.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 26:
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
In the lifetime of Allah's Apostle , Umar gave in charity some of his property, a garden of date-palms called Thamgh. 'Umar said, "O
Allah's Apostle! I have some property which I prize highly and I want to give it in charity." The Prophet; said, "Give it in charity (i.e.
as an endowment) with its land and trees on the condition that the land and trees wil l neither be sold nor given as a present, nor
bequeathed, but the fruits are to be spent in charity." So 'Umar gave it in charity, and it was for Allah's Cause, the emancipation of
slaves, for the poor, for guests, for travelers, and for kinsmen. The person acting as its administrator could eat from it reasonably and
fairly, and could let a friend of his eat from it provided he had no intention of becoming wealthy by its means.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 27:
Narrated 'Aisha:
The following Verse:--
"If a guardian is well-off, let him claim no remuneration (i.e. wages), but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and
reasonable." (4.6)
was revealed in connection with the guardian of an orphan, and it means that if he is poor he can have for himself (from the orphan's
wealth) what is just and reasonable according to the orphan's share of the inheritance.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 28:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Avoid the seven great destructive sins." The people enquire, "O Allah's Apostle! What are they? "He said, "To join
others in worship along with Allah, to practice sorcery, to kill the life which Allah has forbidden except for a just cause, (according to
Islamic law), to eat up Riba (usury), to eat up an orphan's wealth, to give back to the enemy and fleeing from the battlefield at the time
of fighting, and to accuse, chaste women, who never even think of anything touching chastity and are good believers.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 29:
Narrated Anas:
When Allah's Apostle came to Medina; he did not have any servant. Abu Talha (Anas' step-father) took me to Allah's Apostle and
said, "O Allah's Apostle! Anas is a wise boy, so let him serve you." So, I served him at home and on journeys. If I did anything, he
never asked me why I did it, and if I refrained from doing anything, he never asked me why I refrained from doing it.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 30:
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
Abu Talha had the greatest wealth of date-palms amongst the Ansar in Medina, and he prized above all his wealth (his garden)
Bairuha', which was situated opposite the Mosque (of the Prophet ). The Prophet used to enter It and drink from its fresh water. When
the following Divine Verse came:--
"By no means shall you attain piety until you spend of what you love," (3.92)
Abu Talha got up saying. "O Allah's Apostle! Allah says, 'You will not attain piety until you spend of what you love,' and I prize
above al I my wealth, Bairuha' which I want to give in charity for Allah's Sake, hoping for its reward from Allah. So you can use it as
Allah directs you." On that the Prophet said, "Bravo! It is a profitable (or perishable) property. (Ibn Maslama is not sure as to which
word is right, i.e. profitable or perishable.) I have heard what you have said, and I r ecommend that you distribute this amongst your
relatives." On that Abu Talha said, "O Allah's Apostle! I will do (as you have suggested)." So, Abu Talha distributed that garden
amongst his relatives and cousins.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 31:
Narrated Ibn Abbas:
A man said to Allah's Apostle , "My mother died, will it benefit her if I give in charity on her behalf?" The Prophet replied in the
affirmative. The man said, "I have a garden and I make you a witness that I give it in charity on her behalf."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 32:
Narrated Anas:
When the Prophet ordered that the mosque be built, he said, "O Bani An -Najjar! Suggest to me a price for this garden of yours." They
replied, "By Allah! We will demand its price fr om none but Allah."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 33:
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
When 'Umar got a piece of land in Khaibar, he came to the Prophet saying, "I have got a piece of land, better than which I have never
got. So what do you advise me regarding it?" The Prophet said, "If you wish you can keep it as an endowment to be used for
charitable purposes." So, 'Umar gave the land in charity (i.e. as an endowments on the condition that the land would neither be sold
nor given as a present, nor bequeathed, (and its yield) would be used for the poor, the kinsmen, the emancipation of slaves, Jihad, and
for guests and travelers; and its administrator could eat in a reasonable just manner, and he also could feed his friends without
intending to be wealthy by its means."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 34:
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
Umar got some property in Khaibar and he came to the Prophet and informed him about it. The Prophet said to him, "If you wish you
can give it in charity." So 'Umar gave it in charity (i.e. as an endowment) the yield of which was to be used for the good of the poor,
the needy, the kinsmen and the guests.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 35:
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
When Allah's Apostle came to Medina, he ordered that a mosque be built. He said, "O Bani An-Najjar! Suggest me a price for the
garden of yours." They replied, "By Allah, we will not ask its price except from Allah."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 36:
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
Once 'Umar gave a horse in charity to be used in holy fighting. It had been given to him by Allah's Apostle . 'Umar gave it to another
man to ride. Then 'Umar was informed that the man put the horse for sale, so he asked Allah's Apostle whether he could buy it.
Allah's Apostle replied, "You should not buy it, for you should not take back what you have given in charity."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 37:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "My heirs will not inherit a Dinar or a Dirham (i.e. money), for whatever I leave (excluding the adequate support
of my wives and the wages of my employees) is given in charity."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 38:
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
When 'Umar founded an endowment he stipulated that its administrator could eat from it and also feed his friend on the condition that
he would not store anything for himself from it.
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 39:
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet said (at the time of building the Mosque), "O Ban, An-Najjar! Suggest to me a price for your garden." They replied, "We
do not ask its price except from Allah."
Volume 4, Book 51, Number 40:
Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah Al-Ansari:
My father was martyred on the day (of the Ghazwa) of Uhud and left six daughters and some debts to be paid. When the time of
plucking the date-fruits came, I went to Allah's Apostle and said, "O Allah's Apostle! you know that my fa ther was martyred on
Uhud's day and owed much debt, and I wish that the creditors would see you." The Prophet said, "Go and collect the various kinds of
dates and place them separately in heaps"' I did accordingly and called him. On seeing him, the credito rs started claiming their rights
pressingly at that time. When the Prophet saw how they behaved, he went round the biggest heap for three times and sat over it and
said, "Call your companions (i.e. the creditors)." Then he kept on measuring and giving them, till Allah cleared all my father's debts.
By Allah, it would have pleased me that Allah would clear the debts of my father even though I had not taken a single date to my
sisters. But by Allah, all the heaps were complete, (as they were) and I looked at the heap where Allah's Apostle was sitting and
noticed as if not a single date had been taken thereof.
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